This study is also unique in that the group reported on the chromosome-level genome assembly and genomic investigation of non-classic domestication model instead of the usual selective sweep of newly mutated Mendelian genes. These effects encompass antidiabetic, antiobesity, antitumor, antifungal, anti-HIV, and antibacterial. Research output in recent years has shed light on the multifarious health benefits of bitter gourd seeds, fruits, leaves, and other parts of the plant. Also, according to the low divergence between the wild and cultivars in the genomic region containing gynoecious locus, directional artificial selection for sex ratio cannot overwhelm the force of balancing selection in nature. Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) is a popular vegetable/fruit in many countries. However, the bitter gourd may provide a valuable nonclassic model of domestication of the intermittent weaker selection and polygenic genetic architecture that precludes the identification of strong single candidate genes. Two-stage patterns of quantitative trait evolution has also been observed in maize, watermelon and tomato. Then, the Southeastern strain diverged from the South Asian cultivar strain 800 years ago, creating the large phenotypic divergence. This process of sequencing and comparisons revealed that the bitter gourd came from the wild strain in South Asia 6000 years ago. The group sequenced the genome of 60 bitter gourd strains: 18 wild accessions, 42 cultivar strains and an outgroup (Momordica cochinchinensis) from around the world. Typical phenotypes of wild and cultivar accessions. However, the bitter gourd showed its divergence after it had domesticated when regional cultivar groups reflected consumer preferences in different areas, to the South Asia and Southeast Asia type. Benefits include increasing immunity, lowering diabetes symptoms, fighting free radical damage and inflammation, treating skin problems, improving digestion and helping to prevent cancer. Most domesticated plants show the significant phenotypic and genotypic differences from wild strains upon the divergence between wild and cultivar groups. Bitter melon (also commonly called bitter gourd) is a sour, green fruit is commonly eaten in Asia and used around the world for its many medicinal properties. For that purpose, it was necessary to clarify the genetic background of the bitter gourd.ĭomestication occurs when humans actively modify traits of organisms. Historically, it has been cultivated for the unique bitter taste preferred by the region, but demand is growing for a better universal product. Associate Professor Hideo Matsumura of Shinshu University and an international team elucidated the genome sequence of the bitter gourd to scientifically look into developing strains that exhibit the medicinal claims and create a better product. There has been research into its effectiveness in lowering blood sugar. The bitter gourd is healthy to eat, and is traditionally said to have medicinal properties.
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